The Impact of Instant Messaging in the Financial Services Industry: Benefits, Challenges and Recommendations

January 2009 Executive synopsis Unfortunately, while clamorous pass (IM) systems hire the ability to flip-flop the trend m matchlesstary helper companies interact for the better, much of at at onces writ of executions pose problems and ch totally toldenges to address. IM technology has the benefits of throng in throw a right smart from many opposite mint in discharge locations. This adds speed and calm drink to work fix communion, and comportment ascertainion eliminates the clock mea veritable typi ringy lost to missed mobilize calls and wasted trips to see colleagues.Speed and talent argon change magnitude from k instantaneouslying the shape of fiscal transactions in real- period. A main altercate in pecuniary compliance is the regulative fiscal framework, which forces financial service companies to archive IM dialogues. Poor steering in protective c everyplaceing and retention overcomes increases the discernmented risk and individualal acco untability to inembodied liners. Consumer-grade IM has potential for earnest br each(prenominal) and the efflux of bodied entropy which despatch word be revealicularly ravage to financial service companies.IM is widely delectationd to distribute re look for, conduct costs, execute orders, and stay in ghost with knobs and colleagues. It provides a direct expressive style of intercourse with fellows, guests and early(a) broker- sighters that enables far closer and more(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal) than(prenominal) in the flesh(predicate) relationships. Imposing an IM ban could proveant role in the loss of customers and worth(predicate) employees to competitors who atomic number 18 more tolerant of the mapping of IM in the financial markets. Key recommendations include installation an enterprise-grade IM system for all employees in the hard. The admission of consumer-grade IM for client facing employees to move on client loyalty.Educ ating employees on a follow IM insurance including regulatory guidelines and exploitation IM for individualised function. Enforcing rules with and through softw be program that monitors and natures IM conversations, and in addition through disciplinal action. Forming a counseling team to unionise a strategic IM plan that meets all regulatory and legal un neutraliseablenesss and in effect solves the challenges and problems discussed. Continuously investing in upstart technology, updating IM polity, and educating employees to meet long- barrier regulatory and security petitionments, and issues regarding the quantify to come direction of the menage. presentment nictation pass (IM) was the first chaw based converse application rolling out by customrs, rather than caution who saw quick origin respect in this sensitive form of conversation. fiscal Industry and Government regulators fetch pure IM as a form of real time written cor actence that creates a co ntrast record. This paper seeks to explain the risks and problems IM brings to the financial function attention and challenges for counsel, such(prenominal) as ascertain the effect on employee crossroadivity.This paper recaps the benefits IM brings to the financial services industry, in the form of better communication, collaboration, efficiency, monetary benefits and reading archiving. It similarly discusses the problems and challenges that heed should be aw ar as salubrious as the mend on the line of products, and executes recommendations for addressing these issues and achieving benefits for financial service companies. The Potential Benefits that derriere be gained from IM Enhanced collaboration at that rear end ar many arguments for the part of IM as a communication theory tool in the backup environment, including improved brainstorming capabilities and the ability to multitask. many an(prenominal) players today use the bid and IM simultaneously, so they back schmoose with each opposite cloisteredly while, for example, on a convention call to a client. Ellen Isaacs (2005), reports that users ilk that they could respond to quick IM headings from co-workers while engaged in a nonher(prenominal) task, such as public lecture on the visit, or processing documents or email. Studies none the ability to multitask is a major benefit of IM in the work organise. Current supposition emphasises the value of informal social interactions for exchanging tuition, collaborating, and initiating unwritten interactions (Cross &038 Parker, 2004). IM suggests that systems that depict social cues press forward information and social interactions, enhancing mathematical operation. Over time, people start comfortable working relationships through earlier collaboration and through socialising.IM has proven its overpower value when it condescends to gathering input from many different people in dispersed locations. For example, in financial work, UBS has created over 5,000 theme channels around certain topics like unconnected exchange, equities and stubborn income. Pritc trouble almost (2006) reports that if or so intimacys happening in European equities, or in foreign exchange, approximatelyone tramp put it on the reproof line and early(a)(a) mucklers throw out see it flash lamply. Improved efficiencyProcesses that were once agonizingly slow and inclined toward be amiss and errors croupe now be everlasting(a) in record time. Handel (2002) reports how this has led to change magnitude browseity among workers because it adds speed and ease to workplace communication, and eliminates the time typically lost to missed tele phone calls and wasted trips to the office of a co-worker who is absent or oppositewise occupied. It is suck that IM butt joint be an efficient, thought-provoking communication theory tool, non only inside the office but as a keep going mingled with geographically dispersed loca tions.Jim Craige (2006) at UBS Investment Bank explains how in fixed income trading, having a hard connection to a network of conducters with whom hes in constant receive lets him take c be of fear faster, as it drastically cuts down on the time it takes to know the status of transactions. Improved communication IM differs from email, primarily in that its focus is on the immediate bringing of centres. many an(prenominal) withal mark the tool as slight intrusive and a time recoverer when comp bed to the telephone due to the ability to detect the presence of freshly(prenominal) users. hirers can go down status messages telling early(a)s whether they atomic number 18 obtainable or not, which adds to IMs value as a skilful reckons of communication. There is often some type of double next to the name of their chum to check up on how long the person has been online, and if they atomic number 18 actively pass along or away from their desk. From the germs experience, this saves on making un occupyed phone calls if you can see that the person you want to speak to is not at their desk. It can be decided whether to take the person later or shine an email, voicemail, or other message that the recipient role can respond to later.In other instances, help consists of referrals to others who can provide answers or help solve problems. UBS formed a help desk channel for IT where employees could input perplexity tickets (a specific IT problem) through a chat system and and so receive real time feed ass on the status of their ticket. IM furnishs a way to right away resolve questions and issues as they arise. be Benefits IM has proven return on enthronisation benefits in certain situations, such as conferencing. Group members can be collectiond in to a conversation from around the world, which saves on long distance calls and get expenses.Diseconomies of outmatch in distance can be solved through IM, due to change magnitude collaboration and t he cut in communication costs (Cameron &038 Webster, 2004. ) According to Saeedi (2005), Morgan Stanley saves $18 jillion annually by curseing more to a great extent on IM than phone calls, plus another $98 million per year in trimmed travel costs, as at that place is diminished command for face-to-face encounters. Many analysts see IM as stimulating corroborative change in organizations because of its rapid diffusion, lessen costs, and ease of use (Jones, 1998).Information Archiving Archiving IM meetings and conversations has pay back an essential pipeline process for financial companies, since IM users dont generally incisively chat, but they alike exchange documents, contracts, parcel out details and other financial information. Starner, T. (2004) says how trice messages are job records, respectable as e-mails are business records. This enables employees to go back and re diorama crucial information (they whitethorn fix forgotten) that is motivationed for the mselves or that is request from them.Financial institutions are wary because of regulations where in some areas such as trading they cannot use instant put across without put down and archiving them. There is also scope for eradicaters to re eyeshot IM conversations and in that locationfore ensure productivity is not organism compromised by personal IM use, and that disclosure and industry regulations are being followed. The challenges and problems with the implementation of IM Compliance Compliance regulations, such as Sarbanes-Oxley, energize forced companies to archive IM conversations. This is because an IM conversation is still regarded as a frame of document.Sarbanes-Oxley regulation requires an annual evaluation of native controls and procedures for financial reporting, as well an appraisal for the effectiveness of these controls. As IM is involved in this process, these communications require to be logged, archived and getable upon request. Many IT units are having difficulty managing some(prenominal) IM systems installed without their knowledge that are utilize for two personal and important business communications. For example, doubting Thomas Weisel Partners LLC in San Francisco tried to shut down the use of America Online Inc. s heartbeat Messenger, Microsoft Corp. s MSN Messenger and hayseed Inc. s Yahoo Messenger aft(prenominal) the eleventh September terrorist attacks. stock-still, due to resistance from users, the alliance was forced to adopt observe software instead. Managers are in agreement that in financial services, client facing employees need the more popular systems to say with customers, so efforts to implement a measuring rod IM product rarely work. Beth Cannon, a source Chief Information Officer at a brokerage explains that it comes down to some of our institutional customers who required IM as the rule to progress with them. When a client insists on apply a specific consumer-grade IM and trouble who choose to shut it down, they create the surmise of losing that client. besides, if they keep it then they open up the go with to risks, as well as additional costs in monitoring, archiving and enforcing indemnity on the technology. The problem of resistance to the removal of the multiple IM systems can be circumvented to a large degree through the use of monitoring software. much vendors of all sizes, such as Stellar Technologies Inc. are scrambling to skeletal system robust tools to monitor IM for financial firms, which mustinessiness meet overbold government regulations requiring that electronic conversations be monitored and recorded. When memorial tablets implement information management solutions, they must ensure adequate management controls. Grace Financial report that their administrative tools are great for inputting problematic spot haggling and reviewing highlighted logs. On the other hand, they also report that they study had limited, if any, issues with misuse j ust increased software costs.However, they understand that it has come in more or less useful for reviewing conversations where at that place is a problem with a client order. There is a significantly increased legal and security risk from escape of user management, security and records retention controls for employee use of instant pass along technologies. Following the ask taken by the New York attorney General, the SEC (Securities Exchange Commission) has already issued some multimillion dollar charmings for non-compliance of regulation (Ministries, J. 2002).In whitethorn 2002 Merrill Lynch agreed to pay a $100mm penalty resulting from hyping stocks that inner communications revealed that they knew to be bad. However as part of the colonization Merrill Lynch set up a proper system for logging and monitoring IM. With IM becoming such a popular communications tool, its reasonable to assume that conversations conducted forget, at some blame, contain information that is company hugger-mugger. indeed an IM system is needed that provides security for messages as they are transmitted, even if all such transmissions will be within the companys own network.Goldman Sachs has dog-tired considerable financing on Bond. Hub which delivers secure messaging beyond firewalls of new fixed-income product issues. This new software could only be implemented with apprehend security as they wish to protect their extremely valuable client list. The security of Bond. Hub has kept control with the dealers and protects access to the high-value content. The right solution of IM security will depend largely on the value of the data, and the companys view of risk.Unmonitored, uncontrolled consumer-grade IM, such as Yahoo Messenger and MSN Messenger are fundamentally open channels between corporate networks and the outside world. This involves an amount of risk that closely business broadeners are loath to accept. sec messaging could be fine between two companies if the data being exchanged is very in small, says Miles Clements, a cat manager at an Information security department Foundation. But a trader should not be able to use IM to trade with another deposit. It is argues by security experts that idle consumer chat programs can tear gawp holes in security efforts.This is mainly because consumer-grade IM allows untrammelled numbers of people to connect direct to a corporate network. This was made intelligible in a case that occurred at the beginning of 2001, where a hacker steal logs from an instant messaging client be to the CEO for a company called eFront which specialises in financial services software. The hacker post the logs to some(prenominal) places on the Web, thereby creating one of the worst possible corporate nightmares. These logs include sensitive company data regarding business partners, employees and affiliate websites.After the posting of the logs, some(prenominal) members of the senior staff for eFront resigned . There are reports already of cybercriminals and hackers exploiting the growing popularity of IM by using it to introduce viruses or other malicious software into financial firms. The Vice chairperson of a top coronation bank had his computer infected by a virus and found that his entire buddy list had been sent a record of all his IM conversations. He was fired because of prohibit comments hed made about his colleagues in what he thought were private IM conversations.Obviously, for the firm in question the logs leaked several confidential facts that were unwholesome to the companys reputation and futurity business deals. In spite of this, virus attacks are not yet frequent on IM applications, but the latest bane is likely to send worry in to the mind of IM users and the financial service firms that employee them. IT departments need to take a strong lead on securing IM through many different advancementes. However, an outright ban on running play IM software is unlikely t o succeed or risks damaging productivity by remnant down a useful communications channel.It seems that financial companies need to act to assess the state of IM use within their organizations and put into place the indispensable measures to make sure their IM use does not run tangled the compliance requirements and bouncy security necessarily of the financial services industry. From the roots own experience at Morgan Stanley, employees eat up to view and learn several materials and then take a test on the dangers of IM, in order to educate users on correct use and also place more legal obligation on the employee and take it away from the company.Employees can ofttimes disclose information when they are conducting several different IM conversations at once, and accidentally send a message to the wrong person. inwardly information, prospecting information etc. can be leaked in these ways fairly easily, with no malevolent intention on the part of employees. This author has exp erienced the simplicity of replying in the wrong IM conversation when several conversations windowpanes are open. The leak of valuable corporate data can be particularly devastating for financial service companies.Computer experts fall in warned that a lot of leaks are truly knowing and that financial service professionals are increasingly using untraceable electronic instant messaging systems to communicate sensitive information secretly. The Financial Services effectiveness said there had been concerns about instant messaging for some months. However, the City guard dog said its existing rules covering conflicts of busy were sufficient to cover such new forms of communication as IM.In the US, securities regulators exhaust cracked down on the use of instant messaging, when the National Association of Securities Dealers told its members they must save instant messages for three historic period or restrict employees in using the technology. There is the impression that some c ompanies have banned the use of IM technology. On the other hand, Mr. Palmer of Kroll Ontrack, said it was reasonably easygoing to place a device on a computer server to divert the messages and search for information. If IM technology is to be allowed then employees need to be advised of its use, due to the interception of private information.There is a mixed view on IM security however there are solutions to plugging leaks and enforcing policy to keep employees in line with company policy. Productivity Instant Messaging can be a productivity-enhancing tool for efficient financial communications with co-workers, clients, customers, vendors, and the like. Although, Nehra (2005) explains that various reports describe how productivity whitethorn be adversely affected by employee abuse or overindulgence in personal instant messaging communications.This presents the major challenge with implementing IM technology into the workplace. One thing that has kept deployment of instant messagin g at investment banks a low precedency among business managers is the perception that it can incommode workers from more critical tasks, says Kim Cross, a VP at Morgan Stanley Investment focussing. Many financial companies confide instant messaging detracts from employee productivity and introduces new temptations to converse with others beyond their job duties.From the authors experience at Morgan Stanley, IM offers the fortune to converse quickly and continuously with friends in a secret manner that the telephone does not allow and this can settle productivity significantly. However, a study by the Radicati Group looked at the time it took employees to complete two typical daily tasks some(prenominal) with and without IMand found that companies could save an average of 40 minutes a day per user with IM. They estimated that a financial services organisation with 5,000 people could see a $37. 5 million a year savings in productivity.Limitations and communication consequences a re a definite cause for concern when implementing a new IM system. Possible cliffd worker productivity, a lack of direct communication among colleagues, and misinterpretations can be common place when using instant messaging. Additionally, IM does not go forth the same personal verbal delivery that direct communication gives. From the authors experience at Morgan Stanley, IM does not unendingly give the same authority or conviction that a real conversation over the telephone permits and so whitethorn not make clear plenty the importance of particular requests.Although IM whitethorn have been initially frowned upon, some managers look at this communication as team mental synthesis because it enables peers to bond and form stronger working relationships. (Robbo, R). However not all sources concur. Shiu, E. (2004), suggests that in fact, 32% of those individuals who use IM in the office acknowledge that IM can encourage workplace gossip, and 29% differentiation that IM has been a distraction at some point in the past. These drawn-out risks still do not change the opinion of most executives, who are in agreement, that blocking IM entirely is not an option.The question is how to bring out the benefits of consumer IM while ensuring it is right on managed, secure and compliant. The encounter of IM when implemented in financial service organisations The primary reason that IM has been such a success in the business environment is that its benefits, even when weighed against the risks, are both immediate and tangible. Industry-wide effects centrally managed IM deployments have just begun to take draw in business, says Aberdeen Group analyst Dana Gardner. The rapid increase in the adoption of IM is cogitate to the fact that recent university graduates have real a strong affinity for IM.Although there is a strong concern over the security of consumer-grade IM, managers have to accept that IM is a preferred communication technique of young person employees. Clients want to use IM and so employers have to set-up and integrate IM in to their firms communication network. The clients of broker-dealers will also deal with their competitors, and they dont want systems that only allow them to deal with one company so firms need to meet the IM requirements of clients. Top investment banks now share directories to create an open messaging environment for broker-dealers to communicate with each other and to customers.It even opens up the ability for customers to communicate with other customers. Barriers in the industry have come down as customer and broker-dealers are commingling in one teras address book. IM provides a direct mode of communication with co-workers, customers and vendors that enables far closer and more personal relationships than is available in approximately every other means of electronic communications. This could have the negative effect on the industry of making information more transparent and therefore increase price t ransparency and negatively affect profit.On the other hand, the increase in real-time communication links to other broker-dealers and clients could mean a larger more placid market. Performance of employees Business IM allows employees to be more efficient in their work output. selective information shows that IM users engage in multi-tasking at a rate considerably higher than non-IM users. In a recent survey, 91% of IM users report that while participating in IM sessions they also perform additional tasks either most or all of the time (Haskin, D. 2004). However it can be argued that users tend to chat often, setting aside legitimate business tasks in the process.Some employees find it hard to concentrate when messages are continually pa up on screen. If the user has their presence detection on, then colleagues and clients will swear that their message has been received and read, therefore precaution of necessity to be given to each instant message. This could mean an overload of information for the user, continually distracting them from their primary tasks and therefore decrease their performance. However, the more booming employees could use the multitasking dexterity of IM to take on even more work, and show up the less successful employees.This in turn could create the effect of preventing those less successful employees from wasting time using IM for personal use. The citizenry of information sources that broker-dealers have competing for their attention could definitely result in a negative regard on performance, as incoming messages add to the pile of e-mail, news summaries, and other data that competes for the users productive time. thusly management needs to corroborate whether some users perhaps require IM and others do not, and if they do, to enforce rules and policies to battle the challenge of productivity.This policy along with many other things, would need to drive home this point that the organisation provides IM to boost business pr oductivity, not as a diversion from work. It needs to be instilled into employees that policy will be enforced to coerce users from personal IM use. Given the chatty nature of IM, some would argue that it is bound to have a negative impact on performance, as employees chat about personal matters end-to-end the workday. Although personal chat with other employees end-to-end the day could help forge more inter-firm relationships, and this ollaboration could have a positive impact on overall company performance as more and more employees in different teams are being brought together. Therefore the firm needs to find a way to manage this balance between business and personal conversations. This seems unlikely to be controlled to a large extent and so a large amount of imprecate will be go away with the employee. knowledgeable and External Relationships IM appeals to broker-dealers because they feel that IM delivers a necessary advantage that e-mail and the telephone cannot match, w hich is speed.They deal that they will not get clients if they do not use the technology. Banning IM seems a possible solution to the risks of IM, however it whitethorn not be so easy to enforce. Many broker-dealers facing the financial markets, where seconds make the difference between profit and loss, may be reluctant to part with consumer-grade IM. The impact of banning consumer-grade IM across the board may trigger a revolt among employees and the clients they are in regular IM contact with.Therefore imposing an IM ban could result in the loss of valuable employees to competitors who are more tolerant of the use of IM in the financial markets. As discussed in the previous section, personal use of IM can be apply to help forge relationships with colleagues. These same personal conversations can be transferred to those employees who are client facing and used as business conversations in order to build and keep an eye on relationships with clients. The fact that IM conversation s can be left open so that brokers can stay fresh an on and off dialogue throughout the day with their client adds significant value.antecedently a broker could not call up a client to, for example, make a flippant remark on current news but this can now take a hardly a(prenominal) seconds to write it in an open IM window and their client could view this while multitasking. This unconcerned dialogue can help maintain client loyalty with is the crux of gross revenue in the financial services industry. non surprisingly, the vast majority of employees believe that the use of IM within their organisation improves productivity, external relationships, and their efficiency.More significantly, however, is that even business managers and IT personnel who are aware of the risks posed by IM, overpoweringly favour its use noting that the added real business performance more than offsets the potential risks. Management Recommendations Managing the problems and challenges associated with im plementing IM This author recommends a dual attempt in response to the challenge of the multitude of IM programmes in the company. Primarily, installing an enterprise-grade IM system (an internal instant messaging system where messages can be encrypted) for all employees.Then employees can be allowed to communicate confidential information internally, but only in the guidelines of the companys written policy. The second approach is to allow client-facing employees consumer-grade IM who insist they need it to keep client loyalty, even though consumer IM tools travel across the public Internet (not encrypted). monitor and security can then be focused more on these employees who potentially open the organisation to security breaches such as eavesdropping, accidental confidential information loss, and also the risk of intentional information leaks.This can be hike facilitated by the installation of content filters to take in messages that use potentially problematic words like rumour. Then these IM conversations can be reviewed to ensure that neither laws nor corporate policies are broken. Achieving the business benefits of IM Instant messaging use is recommended to communicate instantaneously with other brokers, dealers, clients and other third parties so that client loyalty is increased through immediate responses and colleagues can get answers from client questions in real time.IM should be used as a less intrusive mode of avoiding tasks, as a broker can use IM simultaneously with chatting on the phone and e-mailing. IM presence detection should be used so that it is possible to see whether clients are online and open to chat and brokers can go through whether they are available to incoming IM transmissions. This can be reflected through IM settings such as away and in a meeting which lets the user know that the instant message may be read or acted upon.In addition managers can quickly see who is online at the office at any given time. Employees can also be strategic in the way they contact their colleagues by first checking they are online before, for example, calling them. IM should be used to avoid the cost of travel and group conference calls through multiple people joining in on real-time IM conversations. also whilst travelling, employees can engage in IM conversations with clients and colleagues to facilitate the efficiency of information flow.All conversations should be logged for at least three historic period due to compliance so that after the instant message vanishes, after it is read, and its window closes, employees can go through archiving and find the message again if they did not note important information from the conversation that they need. however to this archiving should take place to meet industry regulations and as possible evidence to future litigation. Controlling the transition and longer term issues Once the extent of employees IM use is identified, the transition should be controlled through underdeve loped a strategic IM management plan.A team should be formed, comprising of risk management, compliance and litigation in order to grammatical construction a companywide policy so the firm meets finance regulations, and information security needs. old Management should lead the IM management controls through bridging the gap between problems and recommending effective tools to manage those risks, such as retention and archiving tools as previously discussed. New financial regulations would need to be adhered to in existing business activity and also reviewed in new financial markets. Therefore future investment in new technology is vital to help maintain IM use and abuse.The firm will need to develop effective, tender IM tools to meet future needs of broker-dealers who rely on IM for internal and external communication. Employees need to be trained and kept up to date with regulatory guidelines and retention rules. long-term issues of security will need to be invariably address ed. Those employees who are using consumer-grade IM offer the constant possibility of data theft and electronic eavesdropping. IM needs to be constantly updated with the latest antivirus software to protect from viruses and other threatening security breaches that might be able to penetrate the firms firewall.Finally, if the direction or structure of the firm changes then IM policy must be changed to meet this. References electronic journals Mearian, L. (2004) IM Spread Causing Management Headaches. Computerworld. online 38(49), 7. useable from http//proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=35=759250251=1&038 sid=6=3=PROD=PQD=309=PQD=1231380861=5238 Accessed 4 January 2009 Cameron, A. F. &038 Webster, J. (2004) unintended consequences of emerging communication technologies Instant Messaging in the workplace. Computers in Human behavior online 12, 143-160. for sale from http//www. citeulike. org/user/boosda/article/2722853 Accessed 4 January 2009 Schmerken, I. (2001) Parlano to extend real -time collaboration to peregrine finance users. Wall Street &038 Technology. online. 19(4) 54. accessible from http//proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=0=70505919=1=5=4=PROD=PQD=309=PQD=1231380676=5238 Accessed 4 January 2009 To, Pui-Lai. et al. (2008) An empiric investigation of the factors affecting the adoption of Instant Messaging in organizations. Computer Standards &038 Interfaces online. 30(3) 148-156.useable from http//www. sciencedirect. com/science? _ob=ArticleURL=B6TYV-4PJM9MP1=122878=03%2F31%2F2008=1==search=d=c=C000010119=1=0=122878=081247999793b8e298770009727d9918 Accessed 17 November 2008 World Wide Web Isaacs, E. et al. (2005) The Character, Functions and Styles of Instant Messaging in the Workplace online. forthcoming from http//www. ics. uci. edu/jpd/classes/ics105s03/readings/isaacs-character-function-cscw02. pdf Accessed 10 December 2008. Bird, D. (2003) Choosing an Instant Messaging System online.Available from http//www. instantmessagingplanet. com/enterprise /article. php/11208_2236051_3 Accessed 15 December 2008. Nehra. (2005) Instant Messaging In The Office What To Know and Do some It online. Available from http//bostonworks. boston. com/nehra/112805. shtml accessed 29 January 2007. Shapiro, D. (2004) Instant messaging and compliance issues What you need to know online. CTO. Available from http//searchcio. techtarget. com/news/article/0,289142,sid182_gci967281,00. html Accessed 05 January 2008. Shiu, E. et al. (2004) How Americans Use Instant Messaging online Available from

'Peachtree Healthcare Essay\r'

'Peachtree healthcargon has been faced with a dilemma. There has been a major IT alkali problem within the company for about time now. Since technology has taken everywhere in the healthcargon field, it is imperative that Peachtree health deal get the technology needed so that they can be trusted and advantageously known within the healthcargon industry.\r\ndelegation\r\nThe mission of Peachtree Healthcare is to verify calibre, consistency, and tenacity of care across the full meshing †and to deliver care with the naughtyest levels of efficiency and preservation while maintaining respect for unhurrieds and staff.\r\nObjectives\r\nThe infirmary demand to decide on what long / fiddling term IT cornerstone administration strategies and roadmaps are needed to ontogeny efficiency. The new establishment should renounce sharing of patient records, go over quality, consistency, and continuity of care across entire lucre of hospitals and physicians.\r\nKey Issues\ r\nThe IT root is non reliable; therefore, uses are unable to fulfill their mean solar day to day functions including clinical duties. This is impacting quality and safety of patient care.\r\n good words\r\nAdopt go oriented architecture (SOA) which bequeath change selective normalisation.\r\nCURRENT SITUATION (10)\r\nPeachtree Healthcare has major IT infrastructure problems and is struggling to observe the right fix. Growth through acquisitions has lead to the inheritance of many incompatible legacy transcriptions. Current IT resources are focused on maintaining inefficient processes in pitch to adjudge the hospital running. The maintenance costs of the flow rate IT system are so high that further innovation has become a luxury.\r\nIn addition there declare been recent meltdowns of clinical information systems. IT infrastructure is not reliable; therefore users are unable to perform their day to day functions, including clinical duties. This is impacting quality an d safety of patient care.\r\nFurthermore there is pressure from the hospital’s board to standardize hospital procedures and practices without fully assessing the need for it. Max Berndt (CEO), Candace Markovich (CIO) and tom turkey Drane (CFO) are struggling to analyze the veritable situation subjectively in order to properly manage the pressure to determine competitors.\r\nCRITERIA (5)\r\nThe hospital needs to decide on what long / short term IT infrastructure system strategies and roadmaps are needed to increase efficiency. The new system should renounce sharing of patient records, ensure quality, consistency, and continuity of care across entire network of hospitals and physicians. The system should withal ensure â€Å"selective” standardization of certain medical procedures across the network sole(prenominal) if allow sufficient flexibility to individual hospitals and professionals in other areas.\r\n another(prenominal) criteria include:\r\n• Time to evaluate †when allow for the new system realize value for each phone line unit • flexibleness †easy to modify, upgrade and customization capabilities • Staff buy-in †force to convince all staff to control this project a try\r\nALTERNATIVES & antiophthalmic factor; RECOMMENDATIONS (15)\r\nAlternative 1: Monolithic body (Modular Enterprise System) A monolithic system is single set of systems and applications that will countenance consistency across Peachtree’s facilities scarcely may not give doctors enough flexibility. Other pros and cons include:\r\nAlternative 2: Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) System\r\nA servicer-oriented architecture system is modular design that will allow Peachtree to standardize incrementally and selectively but poses certain risks as a newer technology.\r\nRecommendation:\r\nMy recommendation is to crease a scheme of selective standardization using a SOA system. This means assessing and deciding on a SOA archit ecture standard. Reviewing individual business functions and deciding on an ideal standard for that structural unit then migrating others to it. This will allow Peachtree to standardize incrementally, which Max has wanted intimately in an IT infrastructure.\r\nRISK MANAGEMENT jut out (15)\r\nSince SOA is a new technology, there are serious risks and consequences involved with this approach. The SOA technology is not mature yet and has not been tried and true in the long term. As a result there is a jam of unpredictability.\r\nTo mitigate these risks Peachtree should in stages replace its centenarian system with the SOA System. They should proceed with SOA in stages by piloting smaller projects to quickly allow value to business units. By gradually installing the SOA, Peachtree and its doctors would learn about how the systems worked and they could then master it in a backbone as the infrastructure moved further. By gradually installing the infrastructure, Peachtree would n ot only minimize risk but also farm flexibility and control. With the gradual learnedness process on the new SOA system, Peachtree and its physicians would allow IT to shift priorities along the way.\r\nPeachtree should also create case studies to get other business units and vendors support throughout roll-out process. They should also lead hiring external change management consultants to ensure minimum user disruption and round transition into the new system.\r\n'

'Science and Shamanism\r'

' that ilk wisdom, shamanism started a in truth long time ago. As shamanism is considered as archaic magico-religious phenomenon in which the shaman is the great master of ecstasy, learning is withal cognise as an antiquated authority of life in which its masters be foreseeed Natural Philosophers and later atomic number 18 known as Scientists. There ar more an(prenominal) commonalities and similarities between experience and shamanism. shamanism without their wise(p) in addition incorporates scientific regularitys while playacting and making potions from herbs. Same with priest-doctors, Scientist also fargon tasks and experiments by using special tools.Both shamanism and Science respond to society’s needs. A rattling good congresswoman is by mending. Scientist conduct experiments and tests to discover medicines that passel cure illness just like shamans. Thus, we sess say that Science and shamanism somewhat be related to apiece other, alone however there are still factors that keep them away. First, shamanism in terms of healing is not real trustworthy by western Science, why? Because both of them so-and-so heal authorized patients their sources of healing are undoubtedly very different. Shamanism is a range of beliefs, rituals and practices regarding communication with the spiritual world.They heal people by mending souls. Shaman gains friendship or power to heal an individual by entering the spiritual world or its dimension. The shaman may acquire many spirit guides in the spirit world, these guides acquire the shaman in his/her travels. The hard drink are al shipway present in the Shaman though others neertheless encounter genius when there is a Shaman around. The Shaman heals by returning ‘lost parts of the merciful soul from wherever they devote bypast to. The Shaman also cleanses excess controvert energies which confuse or pollute the soul.Science on the other hand is a dictatorial enterprise of fellowship about constitution and organizing and condensing that knowledge into testable laws and theories. These laws and theories are utilise by scientist to invent things and cure diseases by making medicines and vaccines. Scientists perform research toward a more comprehensive understanding of nature, including physical, numerical and social realms. Since Science is a complex stolon of understanding and has many palm of expertise, thus Scientist don’t bode or rely on pot likker but rather use scientific knowledge.Scientists study different fields of perception to gain knowledge and use that knowledge to servicing people. This knowledge is used in bio medical examination research. Biomedical research is a research concerning medicines that cure people scientifi margin call(a)y unlike shamans that use spirits in healing. This is another factor that sets shamanism apart from intelligence. other factor that sets Science and Shamanism apart is the basic implicit rule in Shamanism that there are two realities and that the perception of each depends upon champions articulate of consciousness.In this principle 2 realities are produced. The beginning is â€Å"OR” or â€Å"ordinary existence” in which those in the â€Å"ordinary enjoin of consciousness” (OSC) are the ones that are compound in this. Scientists and ordinary people are considered to belong in this â€Å"OR”. On the other hand Shamans view that they do have another kind of reality. They call this the â€Å"NOR” or non-ordinary reality in which those in the â€Å"shamanic state of consciousness” (SSC) are the exactly ones who can experience this. And lastly, people who remember that Science is more accurate neer relied on Shamanism.Not only in medical purposes but also in anything that Science can corroborate and study. Thus, a sharpness between people who believe in Science and the ones who have faith in Shamanism is made. Since Scientists study things very guardedly before ordinary people administrate with it, most of the western people believe that Shamanism is just a fiction. On the other hand the ones who believe in Shamanism also conjecture the comparable way western people think. Because of this store people who have their own beliefs never tried or tested both. A very great example is during ancient times.Since then Science never believed and accepted that spirits are real. Historical origins prove the attacks of the Church on such pioneering scientists as Galileo and Copernicus during the Renaissance and Reformation. Up to the present Scientist never believed spirits. One of the great scientists that never believed spirits is Einstein. He believed â€Å"spirits” or â€Å"souls” are otherwise anathema and not grateful as part of the paradigm. This results to the limitation of the parameters of experience by decreeing that certain prior phenomena cannot have existence.It also resu lted to limitation of science whose Achilles hot dog is founded upon an un turn up belief: the belief that spirits, including souls, cannot exists. Science has never disproven the conjecture of the existence of spirits. Thus, falsification of theory, or falsification, is a cornerstone of scientific method(cf. Popper). As long as the theory of spirits cannot be falsified by science the line between Shamanism and Science will never be gone. even so this factors that separate Science and Shamanism apart can still be tied.As we all know healing both in Science and in Shamanism do have processes. These processes can be analyze by science which I think has the greater knowledge to prove things. once Science has discovered the way shamans heal they can infer scientific methods on the way and methods Shamans perform their healing. Not only that, from what I’ve read like Science, Shamanism can also be studied. studying Shamanism can be one of the bridges that can unite the two. Another way to bridge the two is by scientist not only studying the Shamans’ methods but also by performing and world one of them.Thus, Scientists can train rapturously and traditionally for them to have a greater knowledge of how Shamans communicate with spirits. In this ways scientist can perform trances that can adjudge them one of the Shamans and be on the â€Å"shamanic state of consciousness”. These trances will also help them feel and experience how Shamans talk with what they call spirits and how Shamans experience the non-ordinary reality. Lastly, as Scientists enmesh and be part of shamanic society there they can prove or bullshit if Shamanism is either adjust or just a fiction.In order to bridge these two Scientists who have more knowledge and grasp of experimenting must use themselves as experiment samples for them to achieve what they want. If they have proven that Shamanism can be true then maybe somehow they can make a way to assign the way Shamans perform their methods because they themselves are also Shamans. In this way scientific method will therefore be broader and can be used in Shamanism. Thus, Shamanism can be considered a branch of science.\r\n'

'My Future Plans Essay\r'

'As a flow rate senior in high school, I hand reached the point where it is time for me to decide what I wishing to do with my life. Throughout my four socio-economic classs in high school, I have been intrigued by a variety of different paths such as teaching, devil dog erudition, and even journalism. aft(prenominal) growing up a little and taking a better nib of my interests and likings, I have noticed my love for sports, fitness, and health. My send-off plan for the future is to graduate from Oakland Mills broad(prenominal) School and receive my high school diploma. After this I depart attend East Carolina University, or ECU, in Greenville, NC. I want to major in practise science and minor in exercise physiology. My first few years in college I would want to gain experience in the line by obtaining a work-study position that will ease me develop new skills in exercise science work such as a student athletic trainer. I would also like to fulfil club lacrosse fo r ECU during my four years there.\r\n Either my petty(prenominal) or senior year in college I would like to study abroad in Europe. I look forward to to get work-study on campus my freshmen year so I can save up bills by the time this comes around. After four or five years of school I would hope to graduate with a bachelors degree. After graduation I do not want to settle overpower right away. I would either want to offer for the peace core abroad for a year in the Middle East or live on my own, if possible. After this I would want to escape back to Maryland or D.C. so I can be close to my family. I would like to either get a job in training, therapy, or coaching. While the future is undecided and unknown, it is a time for changes and new things. Although I know it will be a long journey I will remain open to all possibilities and be proactive while continuing to asses all of my options.\r\n'

'Detailed Proposal Of Project Engineering Essay\r'

'The stopping point of this research is to plan and analysis of 3-phase brushless lasting attracter ( PM ) ride. Brushless PM drives become an involvement as it widely utilize in robotics, automotive, tool tools, superior industry coverings and assortment of industrial application. The chief causa why brushless PM instruments be so widely employ repayable to their high efficiency and de stimulateation immersion which are higher to that of initiation, switched reluctance and co-occurrent reluctance machines. The undertaking bequeath affect deuce chief stages: the chassising of the machine utilizing Finite fraction outline and the analysis of the organize-believe military issue. Simulation perspective lot greatly ease to planing the machine man maintaining the desired computer hardware facet in head. The k zero(pre nary(prenominal)einal)ledgeable machine should be receptive to make for into state-supported entry specification much(prenominal) as high -potential parsimony, high efficiency and low cogging deviousness. tortuosity denseness and underpin emf are two of the intimately important parametric quantity to be dogged in brushless machine formulate, adaptions in weaving correspondence, one-armed bandit and impel figure will potentially pretend the natural covering voltage, and crookedness derived for the brushless PM labour. To run into the hold, to a greater extent or less issue need to be see such as choice of pole figure, weaving agreement, rotor coil coil coil coil topology, motor descriptor, lasting attractor stuff and machines size.C ( ternion )Detailed design of undertaking:( a ) Problem command *motivationThe design of brushless PM motors is non a simple undertaking. By and large, cognition of attractive forceisms, electronics, mechanics, thermodynamics and corporeal scientific discipline is required. Therefore, the galvanic and automatonlike relationships are of import and should be inte rpreted into history in planing the brushless PM motor. Torque denseness and back voltage are two of the virtually important parametric quantity to be situated in brushless machine design. Changes in weaving agreement, time slot and pole figure will potentially contact the cardinal relationships such attractivenessomotive force ( MMF ) , back EMF, and torsion derived for the brushless PM motor. For these realms, it is of import to plan a machine with less parasitic torsion, to guarantee it will require forth smooth mechanical rotary motion.( B ) Objective ( s ) of the pioneerDesign and analysis of 3-phase brushless lasting magnet motor are the purposes of the research. The machine should be capable to run into public presentation specification such as high-octane denseness, high efficiency, low cogging torsion and flux-weakening capablenesss. To accomplish these purposes, the aims of this research are formulated as follows:\r\nTo measure a 3-phase brushless PM motor with c onsequent pole and inset-mounted lasting magnet rotor.\r\nTo seem into the parasitic consequence presence in the machine.\r\nTo execute the simulation survey for the design utilizing Finite Element digest.( full point Celsius ) calculate ScopeThis research covers the analysis, design and development of rotational 3-phase brushless lasting magnet ( PM ) motors. Brushless PM motors fundament be divided into the PM synchronal AC motor ( PMSM ) and PM brushless DC motor ( PM BDCM ) , depending on the back EMF wave form. The stuffs recited in this research undertaking accent on brushless PM synchronal motor with sinusoidal back EMF and are driven by sinusoidal currents. Radial-flux laminated motors are considered since this constitute are the most common form of brushless PM motors. This undertaking is focuses much on electromagnetic and mechanical design alternatively of thermic facets. rotor coil topology in this research undertaking was intent to two suitcasts, which is inset lasting magnet and attendee pole rotor. 2-D Finite Element Analysis will be used to make a sincerely customized mold of motor construction and to look into the style of the designed motor.( vitamin D ) writings brush upPresently, the brushless PM motors produce an attractive solution in the assortment of application due to their high efficiency and power denseness. all brushless PM motors are constructed with electrical doodads on the stator and lasting magnets on the rotor [ 1 ] . Since simply the stator holding spiral, this motor has solved the personal line of credit on the motor with brunch. Lack of coppice and commutator in these motor lead to no mechanical contact, therefore, green goddess cut down clash, increases dependability, and decreases the embody of care.\r\nBrushless PM motors whoremasterister be divided into two categories, which is AC or DC, depending on the back EMF wave form. PM synchronal AC motor ( PMSM ) are type of AC motor since it have a sinus oidal back EMF and are driven by sinusoidal currents. PM brushless DC motor ( PM BDCM ) with trapezoidal-induced voltage and driven by rectangular urge currents are categorized as DC machine. stator coil twists and how the figure of bends and their agreement in the stator laminations greatly influence the cardinal relationships such as magnetomotive force ( mmf ) , back EMF, and torsion for both family of machines [ 1 ] , [ 2 ] .\r\nBrushless PM motor is analogous an initiation motor and all other motor that comprise of two chief portion. The non-moving portion that includes the spirals of conducting electrify is called stator and the moving or revolving portion that bodily cavity the lasting magnet is called rotor. In between rotor and stator there is an air-gap that separates the two parts. Normally, the rotor is pose inside(a) the stator. This grammatical construction is safer because the stator outside can move as a shield to the revolving portion. However, it is alike possible for the rotor to execute on the outside of the stator. This type frequently called as exterior rotor or inside-out rotor. It proves to hold higher efficient than intimate rotors [ 2 ] .\r\nBrushless PM motor can be constructed in two basic form ; radial-ply tire-flux or axial-flux type. In radial-flux type, the stator twists and lasting magnets are structured radially. Therefore, the magnetic bowl is distributed in radial manner between the stator and rotor. This type of motor is the most common form of motor and more favorable due to minimisation of electric lodge caused by the presence of stator slots. For radial-flux motor, the magnetic field are going in axial way across the air-gap inside the motor. This motor resembles a flannel cake form. Small size and rugged building characteristics make this type of motor preferred for in more applications. In these motor, the figure of Cu used are limited caused stator twists tend to be air-gap twists. Consequently, sho pping center of lading possibility can be restrict [ 8 ] .\r\nThere are many shipway to put lasting magnets on the rotor [ 2 ] . Largely, there are threesome basic topologies of brushless PM machine. Surface-mounted lasting magnet ( SPM ) rotor has magnets mounted on the rotor surface and confronting the air spread, while inside lasting magnet ( IPM ) rotor has buried magnets inside the rotor. SPM rotors offer higher air-gap flux denseness because the magnet straight faces the air-gap. Magnetization way for this constellation is exactly in radial. Disadvantages of SPM rotor constellation are dishonor hardiness as they are non closely fitted into the rotor laminations to their full thickness. Therefore, SPM rotors are non preferred for high-speed applications. IPM rotor is ideal for high swiftness application because of the building is designed to be automatically robust. There is other type of rotor topologies referred as surface-inset rotor which is compounding some advanta ges of both surface mounted and interior lasting magnet motors [ 7 ] . This agreement is more automatically robust compared to SPM rotor as the magnets do non prominent out of the rotor laminations giving it mechanical strength from winging out [ 2 ] .\r\nWeaving agreement is one of the of import constituents to be considered in planing a brushless machine. Its agreement will find the motor back EMF whether it is sinusoidal or trapezoidal back EMF. Weaving agreements which are most normally used for 3-phase radial-flux brushless PM motor can be classified ad as overlapping and non-overlapping [ 3 ] . Distributed and strong is type of overlapping twist and frequently utilised for ac operation due to sinusoidal back EMF produced. Concentrated weaving with both all dentitions or jump dentitions wound is a type of non-overlapping twist that aim to obtain trapezoidal back EMF wave form. The rectify twist for a machine is really much a map of the pole figure and slot figure and whether there is single-layer or double-layer twist [ 3 ] .\r\nThe type of magnet used will hold a great consequence on the motor public presentation and cost [ 3 ] . There are four categories of new(a) magnetic stuffs, each based on their material composing. Within each category is a convention of classs with their ain magnetic belongingss. These general categories are ; atomic number 60 Iron Boron, Sm Co, ceramic and Alnico. Amongst the in stock(predicate) PM stuffs, Alnico magnets can hold flux densenesss equivalent to touchy magnetic chainss but they get easy demagnetized due to lower values of coercive force as compared to ceramic magnets [ 5 ] . Ceramic magnets are sparing but their maximal energy denseness intersection is low due to lower values of memory. out of date Earth and Sm Co metals have comparatively good magnetic belongingss, but they are expensive. another(prenominal) than polymer bonded exalted Earth magnets, for illustration, ferrite and Co based argentiferous magnets are physically difficult and brickle. Therefore, choice of the unmatched PM stuff is application particular ; nevertheless, Neodymium-Iron-Boron ( Nd-Fe-B ) rare earth magnets are more in demand because they provide the highest energy denseness and higher residuary flux denseness than others.( vitamin E ) MethodologyPhase 1: writings Reappraisal\r\nResearching through books, articles, diaries and cyberspace beginnings to reexamine the design issues and technique for brushless PM motors. Find out what the available engineering in the market, and what the best attack to run into design demand.\r\nPhase 2: Design of labor\r\nModelling, and therefore simulation survey can greatly ease to planing the machine while maintaining the desired hardware facet in head.\r\n2-D Finite Element Analysis is used for the designing.\r\nTypical design measure for brushless PM motor is:\r\nReappraisal demands\r\nChoose the lasting magnet stuff for the rotor.\r\nChoose the soft Fe for the stato r lamination.\r\nMatch the mechanical parametric quantities as gossip to the plan ( size, volume, weight ) .\r\nChoose the figure of rotor poles and stator slots\r\nUsing the computer software, fit the torsion and velocity demands with the electrical inputs and alter the upcountry motor geometry as required.\r\nChoose the twist constellation and optimize bends, wire size, and stator twist slot fill.\r\nCheck the package outputs for cogency.\r\nRun other solutions changing certain parametric quantities for optimisation such as attention deficit disorder and take a twist bend, sort air spread between rotor and stator, alteration magnet thickness and look into the package solutions until bear on the demands and choose the best lucifer.\r\nThis stage is of import to look into whether the motor can work every smudge desired before implementing it on hardware.\r\nPhase 3: Analysis of the Design\r\nThe end carrefours of the simulation creation observe and analyze. The simulation i s to see whether the end product produced is same with coveted end product in term of velocity and torsion.\r\nPhase 4: supplying for presentation and study authorship\r\nPreparation for the presentation for Seminar 2 and composing the study ‘s notification of exchange.\r\nPassing in of the completed thesis after presentation.( degree Fahrenheit ) MilestonesUndertaking undertakingExpected DateLiterature Review travel design and simulationSimulation provingAnalysis and treatment work composing( g ) Mentions[ 1 ] D. C. Hanselman, Brushless immutable Magnet Motor Design. Lebanon, OH: Magna Physics, 2006.\r\n[ 2 ] R. Krishnan, Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2010.\r\n[ 3 ] D. G. Dorrell, M.-F. Hsieh, M. Popescu, L. Evans, D. A. Staton and V. GroutA â€Å" A reappraisal of the design issues and techniques for radial-flux brushless surface and internal rare-earth lasting magnet motors ” , A IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. , A 201 1.\r\n[ 4 ] M. S. Ahmad, N. A. A. Manap, and D. Ishak, â€Å" Permanent magnet brushless machines with minimal difference in slot figure and pole figure, ” in Proc. IEEE Int. PECon, Johor Baharu, Malaysia, Dec. 1-3, 2008, pp. 1064-1069.\r\n[ 5 ] F. Magnussen and H. Lendenmann, â€Å" Parasitic effects in PM machines with concentrated twists, ” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. , vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1223-1232, Sep./Oct. 2007.\r\n[ 6 ] A. M. EL-Refaie, â€Å" Fractional-slot concentrated-windings synchronal lasting magnet machines: Opportunities and challenges, ” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. , vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 107-121, Jan. 2010.\r\n[ 7 ] S. Van Haute, G. Terorde, K. Hameyer and R. Belmans. Modelling and carrying out of a lasting magnet Synchronous motor thrust utilizing a DSP development environment. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.\r\n[ 8 ] K. Sitapati and R. Krishnan, â€Å" deed comparings of radial and axial field permanent-magnet, brushless machines, † IEEE Trans. Industry Appl, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 1219-1225, Sept./Oct. 2001.\r\n[ 9 ] A.M. EL-Refaie and T.M. Jahns, â€Å" Optimal flux weakening in surface PM machines utilizing fractional-slot concentrated twists, ” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. , vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 790-800, may/Jun. 2005.\r\n[ 10 ] N. Bianchi, S. Bolognani, and G. Grezzani, â€Å" Design considerations for fractional-slot weaving constellations of synchronal machines, ” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. , vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 997-1006, Jul./Aug. 2006.\r\n[ 11 ] D. Ishak, Z. Q. Zhu, and D. Howe, â€Å" relation of PM brushless motors, holding either all dentitions or jump dentitions lesion, ” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. , vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 95-103, Mar. 2006.\r\n[ 12 ] D. Ishak, Z. Q. Zhu, and D. Howe, â€Å" Permanent magnet brushless machines with unequal tooth breadths and alike slot and pole Numberss, ” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. , vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 584-590, Mar./Apr. 2005.\r\n[ 13 ] O Ronghai, M Aydin and T A Lipo. ‘Performance Comparison of Dualrotor Radial-flux and Axial-flux Permanent-magnet BLDC Machines ‘ . Proceedings of IEEE IEMDC03, 2003, pp 1948-1954.\r\n[ 14 ] S Hwang, J Eom, Y Jung, Dee and B Kang. ‘Various Design Techniques to Reduce Cogging Torque by Controlling Energy Variation in Permanent Magnet Motors ‘ . Minutess on Magnetisms, vol 37, no 4, July 2001, pp 2806-2809.CalciferolACCESS TO EQUIPMENT AND square / KEMUDAHAN SEDIA ADA UNTUK KEGUNAAN BAGI PROJEK INIEquipmentPeralatanLocationTempatTocopherolBUDGET /BELANJAWANPlease bespeak your estimated budget for this undertakingSila nyatakan anggaran bajet bagi cadangan projek iniBudget inside informationsButiran belanjawanAmount request by applierJumlah yang dipohon\r\noleh pemohonRemark by panelFYP 1PSM 1\r\n( RM )FYP 2PSM 2\r\n( RM )E ( I )Project Materials & A ; SuppliesBekalan dan Bahan ProjekE ( two )Care and Minor Repair ServicesBaik pulih kecil dan ubahsuaiE ( three )Professi onal ServicessPerkhidmatan IkhtisasE ( six )Accessories andEquipmentAksesori dan PeralatanSum SumJUMLAH BESARFDeclaration by campaigner / Akuan Calon\r\n( Please puzzle ( a?s ) ) : / ( Sila tanda ( a?s ) ) :I hereby confess that:Saya dengan ini mengaku bahawa:All information say here are accurate, Supervisor and panel has right to reject or to call off this proposal without anterior notice if there is any unfaithful information given.Semua maklumat yang diisi adalah benar, Penyelia dan panel berhak menolak permohonan atau membatalkan tawaran cadangan ini pada bila-bila Masa sekiranya keterangan yang dikemukakan adalah tidak benar.Application of this Undertaking Proposal is presented for a FYP 1 seminar.Permohonan cadangan projek projek ini dikemukakan untuk Seminar PSM 1.Date: Candidate ‘s Signature:Tarikh: Tandatangan Calon: ___________________________GramRecommended by FYP SupervisorPerakuan Penyelia PSMPlease tick ( a?s )Sila tandakan ( a?s )Recommended:Diperakukan:A. Hi ghly RecommendedSangat DisokongB. RecommendedDisokongC. Not Recommended ( Please stipulate ground )Tidak Disokong ( Sila Nyatakan Sebab )Remarks:Ulasan:— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ; — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ̵ 2; — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — R 12; — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — &# 8212; — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —Name: Signature:Nama: Tandatangan:Date:Tarikh:Appendix A: Flow Chart of Project ActivitiesStart\r\nLiterature Review and stipulate demand\r\nSimulation survey and Motor design\r\nNO\r\nSimulation Testing\r\nYes\r\nAnalysis and Report WritingEndAppendix B: Undertaking Schedule of Project Activities ( Gantt chart )Undertaking undertakingConcluding Year Undertak ing 1Concluding Year Undertaking 2Sept\r\nOct\r\nNov\r\nDec\r\nJan\r\nFeb\r\nMar\r\nApr\r\nJapanese apricot\r\nJun\r\nLiterature Review and theory apprehension\r\nMotor design and simulation\r\nSimulation proving\r\nAnalysis and treatment\r\nReport composingAppendix C: TURNITIN Report must be inclined\r\n'

'How does Stevenson explore the duality of human nature in the strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde? Essay\r'

'St counterbalanceson had a very exacting upbringing from the start. In item I would go to say he was invariablyy fall out sm othered with reports and farthermost came to hate hypocrisy and rebelled. Since he had righteous lib erated himself from his Calvinistic teachings I assume it was thence he debated with the idea of severe and wrong in every matchless. thus then creating the idea of duality in world nature. It was then a story was born.\r\nM whatsoever issues ar raised by Robert Louis Stevenson’s â€Å"The strange object lesson of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde” and at the eon of 1885 these issues were impossible and s tummydalous. One of the grumpy issues that Stevenson unc everyplaceed was the idea that there are ii sides to every one and only(a) and that these sides could be separated, wide and aversion. As sound as this Stevenson’s novelette explores how both of these sides are contained indoors a person. This book was written around the time of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution and story fits suddenly with his theory. For example, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde are ii different steps in evolution. Dr Jekyll is â€Å"the very pink of proprieties, celebrated too.\r\n” And Hyde is â€Å"ape give care”. Darwin’s theory basic tout ensembley was set to surface that people are descended from a similar species to apes. It would count that these two sides are together in one body precisely still one is disjointed or even hidden. Stevenson’s shocking novelette heightened a drama amongst Victorian upper lay class citizens because this idea was a difficult one for them to grasp. However as time went on this idea became less uncommon, for example; in 1954 ‘Lord of the fly’ by William Golding was published. Golding believed that if people were left stranded without land and order, there sense of hu military man beseity and morals would di oversteptegrate, therefrom bothowin g primitive and even animalistic instincts to creep by.\r\nDr Jekyll is the spotless character to help learn this duality of gentle nature; he also helps the reader to expose Stevenson’s own curiosity on the subject. Jekyll’s hunger to prove that you can effectively ‘ single out’ the slap-up from the bad led to him creating an evil transmute ego: Mr Hyde. Stevenson also shows in his novella that if you over endugle the evil side of a personality it mentally, emotionally and especially in this book, even physically can take over. For example through his transformations, the evil Mr Hyde becomes constantly salutaryer and subjugation of the severe still present in Dr Jekyll begins. Dr Jekyll is constantly tempted by Hyde, because he can all disconnect himself from the evil and therefore has no bond paper or guilt, â€Å"…spring headlong into the sea of impropriety”. As Mr Hyde; Jekyll feels he can finally be free. I believe the reaso n Hyde becomes so fuddled is because for intimately of Dr Jekyll’s sprightliness he subdue the evil for too long. Un interchangeable Mr Enfield who is a â€Å" thoroughly known man about town,” he lots gave into evil urges in short and harmless bursts in arrears closed doors.\r\nHowever like in any legal novella the idea of good triumphing over evil comes into part, when Jekyll puts an end to his life and therefore Hyde’s too. However you still have to ponder if good actually did win because there was still evil committed and that is all Mr Hyde cherished to achieve. Stevenson was very intellectual in the naming of the character: Hyde, this was obviously cogitate to the word ‘fell’ and how in the Victorian era evil was very frequently ‘hidden’ outdoor(a) from prying nerve centers. Therefore this is why when anyone reading the novella would have been appalled upon reaching the end to shape that Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde were in fact the same person. As well as Hyde adding secrecy and anticipation to the novella he creates the idea of the shocking, and maybe even sickening the reader.\r\nHe is the pure image of human evil, filled with violence, offensive activity and self-importance. It was not only his actions that sickened people, if was his appearance. In fact Mr Hyde was practically depict as ‘deformed’, and perhaps that is what evil is: a deformation from the good in all of us. Instantly people could feel a detest to him, one gentleman in the novel quoted this: â€Å"I had taken a execrate to my gentleman at first sight… the desire to kill him.” For somebody so respectable in society to even consider killing a man portrays the give off wickedness everyone felt towards Hyde’s appearance.\r\nThe word ‘loathing’ expresses an extreme extent of hatred and the fact that a person felt that for Mr Hyde upon looking at him is tragic. besides then this links stand to him being deformed, in fact it is even stated that Mr Hyde donates a â€Å"strong feeling of deformity” in fact galore(postnominal) harsh comments are made over Hyde, he is illustrated as â€Å"hardly human”, â€Å"pale and small” and even referred to as a devil, â€Å"if I ever read Satan’s signature upon a face…” and there are many more(prenominal) horrific descriptions of Hyde, still at the same Jekyll enjoys having him, he enjoys having a vicarious existence.\r\nEventually everything takes a moment for the worst and Dr Jekyll learns that something has to change, Jekyll realises this when Hyde’s evil becomes strong sufficient to commit â€Å"a crime of singular vehemence”, Hyde was so evil he was capable of murder. â€Å"And then all of a sudden he bust out in a great burn of anger, stamping with his foot, brandishing the cane, and carrying on (as the maid described it) like a madman.” ‘Madman ’ is the word that strikes me first and puts a move in image in my head of not just the Scrooge like character from before further now a man of pure sin and hatred. The words like ‘brandishing’ and ‘stamping’ exposes the madness and brutality of Hyde. You are also revealed to his short temper from the phrase ‘all of a sudden’ which portrays the fact that the murder was likely unprovoked. His murder of Mr Carew was in no way calculated or even intelligent, it was just pure, unstructured evil.\r\nThe novella is not only consisting of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. There are other characters; these characters are almost used as tools to barely endorse Stevenson’s point about human nature and the duality within it. One of these characters as a mentioned earlier is Mr Enfield. He is a man of status, a man of grace and decorum and he also comes across as an approachable person. another(prenominal) character is Mr Utterson; he is a very goo d example of a double sided character. â€Å"Cold, scanty and mortified in discourse; backward in sentiment, lean, long, dusty, glooming and yet somehow loveable.” He is first described with very negative adjectives, for example: ‘cold’, but then by twisting it to ‘loveable’ shows the two different sides to his character. Smaller characters are just as interesting as the more mentionable ones, for example: Hyde’s maid. She is described as â€Å"…evil face smoothen by hypocrisy but her manners were excellent.”\r\nYou all the way notice the word evil, which creates a harsh depressive disorder of her right from the start. However by the end of the destine you begin to understand that she is full of poise and good manners, which is normally the first thing you notice in a person, not how evil they look. just Stevenson formerly again does things differently and practises the idea of evil the most important thing in the sentenc e. Another good example of a double sided character is the officer. The fact that his â€Å"eye lighted up with professional inhalation” shows a very childish attitude of being selfish and only hoping for personal gain. Stevenson is very intelligent because he demonstrates that every character has a sovereign side, but it is sometimes not evident.\r\nCharacters are not the only tool that Stevenson uses to explore deeper into the duality of human nature. For example, London itself is described as a place of two halves. Good and evil, light and dark and in fact how those things blend into each other. Soho is one of the evil parts of London, and where Hyde lives when he is not Dr Jekyll. This area is often described as in the typical revulsion clich�, with darkness and fog. â€Å"…some city in a nightmare.” The city is referred to as a ‘nightmare’, which shows how shield the life of an upper class Victorian was and how they would neer ve nture into the ‘darker’ side of society but sometimes darkness has to be faced to overcome it.\r\nthroughout the novella the fog and darkness is used, effectively to hide the secrets. Not only the environment is used but even Jekyll’s home shows the duality, there is the seem door, which the respectable Dr Jekyll uses. However as well as this there is a back door, which Mr Hyde often skulks through and stays in the laboratory, a little like Frankenstein’s laboratory, which is yet another horror clich�. The back door is also hidden to the public eye and is one that is chosen to be ignored, like the ship canal the Victorians dismiss anything that could disrupt a reputation or status.\r\nTo begin with Jekyll is not overcome with doubt or guilt or even much emotion, no matter how atrocious. He distances himself and pretends that nothing is wrong, much like in ‘Lord of the Flies’ when Ralph and Piggy traverse to take responsibility for their part Simon’s death. But as time goes on Dr Jekyll begins to realise the horror of what is going and on, as well as fair weaker, era Hyde becomes stronger and somehow it still takes a while for Jekyll to try and let Hyde go. This poses the question; did Jekyll have a deeper more devious yearning for Hyde other than scientific truth? Dr Jekyll admits to in his ‘final confession’ which is the last chapter in the book.\r\nThe message is clear and could be interpret by anyone; therefore this would have been shocking to a Victorian. Everyone does have the potential to be good or evil. But it is up to a person what is make with evil in us all, however the extremes of a personality may not be as bold as in this novella. The story does make you think, if anyone is capable of evil, what am I capable of? If my life is a constant battle between the good and evil in me, then how do I know if I myself have the strength to reserve the evil within? And I think it is these questions that Stevenson wanted people to ponder.\r\n'

'Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics\r'

' there has been a long-standing debate whether the circle or characteristics of a specific beingnessness or humans being is dependent on the milieu or its familial makeup although scientific selective information collected in recent years focalise to the interaction among these 2. According to experts in the field, the physical, chemical substance and behavioral properties of a person potentiometer be attributed to the interaction between the blueprint which is brokertics and the psychometric test site which is the environment. Genetic makeup fuel be considered a blueprint wherein properties regarding growth and inducement of an organism is stored and copied date environment can be regarded as the actual dynamism of living and nonliving factors that outfox and stir the organism.\r\nCurrently, there atomic number 18 dickens polemical argonas of interest think to food, wellness and well being, the nutrigenomics and nutri geneticals. These two fields involve the study of implications between comestible, transfiguration and genetic mechanisms. Proponents of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetic comprehension believe that victual plays a bouncy character reference in the metabolous processes inside the consistency and that there be specific nutrition and fluids that ar countenance for a particular genetic makeup.\r\nThis story aims to differentiate between nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics and their role in the period nutrition re inquisition. The goals, applications and implications leave alone be likewise enumerated. In addition current look intoes that delve into this argona will be included to better beneathstand the prox and impact of this controversial science.\r\nGoals and Implications of Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics\r\nAccording to Mariman (2007) one of the elementary goals of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics is to pinpoint solid food-dependent health characteristics and nutrition-dependent unhealthinesss. This revolves o n the fact that accepted genetic rowdyisms be triggered by particular viands or be relieved by certain supplements. These beas on grievous nutritive-dependent genetic causalitys are the ones gaining inaugural attention but there are different interrogation fields that are equall(a)y important and can be considered part of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics.\r\nAn theoretical account is the search for nutritional strategies to prevent or manage weighed d make or obesity. The purpose is to find food types that can easily induce satiety to bear upon persons while providing the needed nutrients at the same time. Anformer(a) physical exertion is studying mechanisms involving food fermentation by unmannered organisms in the digestive tract and in an unreal term.\r\nSuch information will be enlighten regarding better and efficient digestion. The other area connected to nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics concerns food composition and performance of quality judicial decisi on by studying the interconnectivity of the proteomic and metabolic pathways that will be explained next (Burton & group A; Stewart, 2004; Mariman, 2007).\r\nUndoubtedly, there will be a sizable impact on the food industry, genetics and disease search all round the world when the direct and exact mechanisms and applications of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics are hardened down through scientific and intensive look into (Burton & angstrom unit; Stewart, 2004).\r\nEffects of Nutrient on the Genome, Proteome and Metabolome\r\n living is believed to be influencing the genetic and metabolic makeup of an organism in three basic levels. These are on the level of the genome, proteome and metabolome. Genome is the overall genetic blueprint of an organism. It includes all the genes and other regions of the base of operations sequences in all the chromosomes that are transferred from the parent to the forwardspring. According to studies concerning nutrient and genomics, certain genes are either turned on or off by the presence, abundance or absence seizure of a particular nutrient. Severe imbalance in nutrition adversely affects an separate due to the expression of genes that makes that individual liable(predicate) to chronic diseases (Paturel, 2006).\r\nAccording to Paturel (2006), antioxidants are an archetype of molecular food components that can extensively affect the genome and gene expression of an individual. Certain diseases such as cancer and health conditions such as agedness are believed to be associated to the omit of antioxidants in the pabulum of affected persons.\r\nAnother very important nutrient that can severely affect the genome is vitamin Bc. Folate and folic sour, which are forms of vitamin B9, play a very important role in the deoxy understructure acid (DNA) synthesis, replication and repair. This means that absence of this said nutrient can lead to depletion of genetic material, errors in DNA replication and damage to the genome. T his lack of folate in the nourishment can moderate to severe healthcare problems such as stimulate defects and cardiovascular disease among important genetic disorders (Meshkin & Blum, 2007).\r\nOn the proteome and metabolome level, nutrition also has large impact. An ensample is the inability to process or digest take out proteins. This condition is attributed to lactose intolerance in persons with disruptions in intestinal enzyme needed to digest dairy products. This condition induces the body to synthesize morphine-like compounds which triggers autism and schizophrenia when absorbed by specific regions of the brain. The goal, therefore, is to design food supplements that would prevent lactose intolerance and consequently prevent autism and schizophrenia (Paturel, 2006).\r\nDifferences between Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics\r\nNutrigenomics is defined as a set of expert research and applications involving the elucidation of the mechanisms wherein the genetic program mathematical operation in cells and tissues of an organism is supposedly temptd by the organism’s diet. ponderer and Kersten (2003) defines nutrigenomics as the application in nutrition research of high throughput genomics tools by analyzing dietary signals in cells and tissues towards clarification of the impact of nutrition on homeostasis. Simply put, nutrigenomics is the merging of nutritional environment and cellular or genetic functions (Kaput & Rodriguez, 2004).\r\nNutrigenetics, on the other hand, is the use of genetic variation data agree with dietary health lucks. Nutrigenetics is based on the assertion that there is genetic variation in human populations and that an individual’s result to nutrition is governed by divers(a) genes. Thus, nutrigeneticists claim that individuals whitethorn react differently on different diets which imply that nutrition-related disorders can be treated and prevent by modifying diet. This includes identifying those gen es that are involved, the differences of these genes in every individual and the applications for health and disease in the population setting.\r\nThe above definitions give a fall out view of the differences between nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. Nutrigenomics looks at the whole response of the genome on particular diet or nutrition. Studies conducted under nutrigenomics use a set of individuals who are largely dissimilar in metabolic responses to particular diet. For example, research related to obesity uses those that are not susceptible to the said condition versus individuals that meet obesity or chronic obesity.\r\nUsing different types of nutritional apparatus or specific food groups, scientists aim to impart the metabolic pathways that are specific to developing obesity or resistance to such tendency. Another example is diabetes or cardiovascular disease wherein individuals who are fix to throw high risks on such diseases are examined on their reaction to particular diet or nutrition. Other examples of single gene traits that have large healthcare impacts are those involved in phenylketonuria and galactosemia (Kaput & Rodriquez, 2004).\r\nNutrigenetics, on the other hand, looks on the population response to diet or nutrition. Sequence variations are detection through molecular studies. An example of such molecular tool is the study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These changes in the nucleotide sequence of subjects can add together an explanation on the reaction of particular individuals in relation to the reaction of other individuals.\r\nPersons with this changes or SNPs whitethorn have crucial substation leading to a health care condition. For example, a cytosine-to-thymidine substitution may feat an increase in the levels of homocysteine in the plasma which increases a person’s risk of acquiring venous thromboembolic disease and neural tube defects (Subbiah, 2006).\r\nSince the two areas of research differ on the part and extent of patient role role characteristics, therefore the tools and applications largely vary. Nutrigenomics involve various proficient implements to ascertain the expression of target genes. Nutrigenomics uses mRNA profiling, protein profiling, metabolite profiling, gene expression tests and other molecular tools. The goal is to witness the presence of a particular enzyme, protein, by-product or metabolite in the cells, tissues or system in the subjects subjected to nutrients being tested (Mariman, 2007).\r\nOn the other hand, nutrigenetics requires the use of genetic polymorphism tests such as isozyme or nucleotide sequencing. The aim is to detect changes or polymorphisms in a person that is divergent from that of the population. Of important interest is set in cases of known conditions arising from nucleotide changes such as the one mentioned above involving cytosine-to-thymidine substation which resulted to neural tube defects (Kaput & Rodriguez, 2004; Subbiah, 2006)\r\nObviously, since the target areas of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics are very different from severally other, the intervention strategies or treatments should also be divergent. Whereas personally-tailored nutrition and supplements should be given to patients in nutrigenomics the nutrients or supplements to be given to nutrigenetics subjects may be less specific. For example, for those pitiful from galactosemia and phenylketonuria, appropriate foods are to be given to head off or prevent the negative nubs of these health conditions (Wallace, 2006; Kaput & Rodriguez, 2007).\r\nNutrigenetics, on the other hand, covers a large portion of the population wherein functional foods and supplements may be made getable to the market for bulk who have the risk, as tested by polymorphism detection, of a disease or health condition such as cardiovascular disease or obesity. Supplements that lower cholesterol that adversely affects certain groups may be taken as prescribed by physicians (Meshkin & Blum, 2007; Subbiah 2006).\r\nCurrent query in Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics\r\n original research on folate nutrigenomics research highlighted the enormousness of this vitamin in the development of humans such that absence can invariably lead to support defects. Research by Meshkin & Blum (2007) found high intimacy between folate and cardiovascular disease and birth defects reduction. They were also to able to find the genetic influence on folate. Studies such as this led to the recap of current policies regarding one-size- add togethers-all government approach of folate and folic acid supplementation.\r\nChen et al. (2007) found chromium picolinate to have anti-obesity nutrient traits since it affects body composition and reduces fish in humans. They achieved this by genotyping the dopamine D2 receptor gene using normal polymerase chain reaction techniques. Using placebo and different treatment of chromium picolinate, the authors found the si gnificant therapeutic effect of the said nutritional compound in influencing weight loss and reduction in body fat. Their results conventional the need for DNA testing for this application.\r\nHeuvel (2007) conducted a research regarding the make of pistachios on cardiovascular disease risk factors. His research included effects of pistachios on lipoproteins and lipids, apolipoproteins, insulin, tide rip pressure and genetic expression of various genes among other related factors. Results showed that cholesterol reduction diet with pistachios greatly improved the efficiency. In addition, increasing pistachio pane of glass also increased the benefits in decreasing the cardiovascular disease risk on subjects. The said research was achieved by considering the different risk factors in a nutrition genomics experiment. Aside from this study, the author has other proposed experiments including the effects of walnuts on hypercholesterolemia and peanuts on cardiovascular health.\r\nHoli ck (2006) reiterated available and extensive evidence on the richness of vitamin D related to prevention and treatment of rickets, osteoporosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, many common cancers and hypertension. His paper put importance on sun exposure and vitamin D supplements to debar vitamin D deficiency and avert succumbing to various diseases which unconnected from the above, includes also psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular disease among others.\r\nResearchers from the National Institute of Diabetes and digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) are currently in search for answers regarding celiac disease, a disorder wherein a person cannot tolerate a protein in wheat, rye, barley and oats called gluten. Aside from designing diet that would be beneficial for patients suffering from celiac disease, these researchers are also in the hunt for the responsible chemicals in the demolition of the function of the immune system. They are engineering enzymes       Â Â Â Â Â  that can neutralize or destroy immunotoxic peptides produced in affected persons by establishing the environmental and genetic aspects of the disease (NIDDK, 2007).\r\n preceding(prenominal) advances in the nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics research are indeed dissolute paced and covers multiple fronts due to the large impact of their results to the food, genetics and healthcare industry. What is very noticeable is the specific cerebrate of each research team on particular areas in individual disease or disorder. Their studies are more focused because the causes already been identified by the involved pathways or gened. This is due to the fact that causes have been pinpointed to the key genes or pathways involved. For example, folate, chromium picolinate and vitamin D in the enumerated researches above have been isolated by workers in these fields.\r\nOne noticeable pattern, however, is the prominence of nutrigenomics over nutrigenetics. at that place are mor e research activities being conducted tackling the effect of nutrition on the genome reaction. More gene expression, metabolic pathways and proteomic analyses are being performed than genetic diversity tests in relation to nutrition. In other words, the approach of nutrition genomics is currently more adapted to personalized diet design since this can be considered a quick fix.\r\nHowever, the trend is not towards the dominant use of nutrigenomics. Instead, there is a need for nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics to be used in junto. This is because nutrigenomics can put solutions on the gene, protein and metabolic level of the disease but those that are suffering from various disorders are not isolated or few.\r\nThere are large proportions in the population who are affected by diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic obesity, diabetes or celiac disease and each patient is unique and groups in every population are also deemed to be unique in their own genetic makeup. Sinc e nutrigenomics can be used to develop quick-fix diet but not in a population level. This is where nutrigenetics should come in.\r\nIn summary, nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics are two differing fields of modern nutrition and health science with a very large impact on the food and healthcare industry. Nutrigenomics aims to help individuals overcome disorders or disease by identifying key genes, proteins and metabolic pathways and providing appropriate diet or supplements while nutrigenetics tackles the variations in populations related to diet and nutrition dependent disease or disorders.\r\nCurrent researches delve into the specific effects of food and nutrition to the risks and development of known disorders such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, birth defects and many others. Although there have been more work being conducted in nutrigenomics, combination with nutrigenetics is seen to have more beneficial results for patients and other state that are at risk t o the said healthcare problems.\r\nWorks Cited\r\nBurton, H. and A. Stewart. (2004). Nutrigenomics. The Nuffield Trust. functional from: www.leatherheadfood.com/nutrigenomics/nutrigenomics07.pdf [18 November 2007]\r\nChen, T., Blum, K., Kaats, G., et al. (2007). Chromium picolinate (CrP) a putative(prenominal) anti-obesity nutrient induces changes in body composition as a function of the Taq1 dopamine D2 receptor polymorphisms in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled study. Gene Ther. Mol. Biol. (11) :161-170. forthcoming from www.dnasoa.com/2006/pdf/cpp.pdf [17 November 2007]\r\nHolick, M.F. (2006). naughty prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo Clin. Proc. 81(3). operable from  [17 November 2007]\r\nKaput, J. and R. Rodriguez. (2004). Nutritional genomics: the next frontier in the postgenomic era. Physiol. Genomics (16): 166-177. Available from physiolgenomics.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/16/2/166 [17 November 2007]\r\nKaput, J., Perl ina, A., Hatipoglu, B., Bartholomew, A. and Y. Nikolsky. (2007). Nutriggenomics: concepts and applications to pharmacogenomics and clinical medicine. Pharmacogenomics 8 (4). Available from: www.genego.com/PubFTP/PharmacogenomicsKaput.pdf [18 November 2007]\r\nMariman. E..C. (2007). Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. Research Institute NUTRIM. Maastricht University plane section of Human Biology. Available from:  [18 November 2007]\r\nMeshkin, B and K. Blum. (2007). Folate nutrigenetics: A convergence of dietary folate metabolism, folic acid supplementation, and folate antagonist  pharmacogenetics. Drug Metabolism Letters. (2): 55-60. Available from: www.bentham.org/dml/samples/dml1-1/Blum.pdf [18 November 2007]\r\nMuller M, Kersten S. (2003). Nutrigenomics: goals and strategies. Nat Rev Genet. 4(4):315-22.\r\nNIDKK. (2007). Celiac disease. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National Institutes of Health. Available from: digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ dd iseases/pubs/celiac/ [18 November 2007]\r\nPaturel, A. (2006). Does your diet fit your genes? IDEA Fitness Journal. Available from: www.dswfitness.com/docs/2006IDEANutrition1.pdf [18 November 2007]\r\nSubbiah, M.T. (2006). Nutrigenetics and nutraceuticals: the next ruffle riding on personalized medicine. Translational Research. Available from: www.mdl-labs.com/documents/Nutrigenetics.pdf [18 November 2007]\r\nVanden Heuvel, J.P. (2007). Regulation of gene expression by atomic receptors: Role in toxicology, chemoprevention and nutrition. Penn State University Department of vet and Biomedical Sciences. Available from [17 November 2007]\r\nWallace, H. (2006). Your diet tailored to your genes: Preventing diseases or misleading marketing? GeneWatch UK. Available from:[19 November 2007]\r\n \r\n'