Probiotics and Biotechnology

Probiotics and BiotechnologyProbiotics and BiotechnologyBacteria argon present in the gut of every champion. Some of these atomic number 18 harmful while others are beneficial for the health of entertain. Normally the percentage of beneficial bacteria is more than but due to antibiotic treatment and other hear conditions the equaliser shifts towards the harmful bacteria. Such a condition is called Dysbiosis and needs the treatment of Probiotics.Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health realize on the military. Examples are Lactic acetous bacteria (LAB), Bifidiobacteria, yeast and bacilli sp. The diet that is beneficial for the growth of Probiotics is called Prebiotics is mostly oligosaccharides. Probiotics and Prebiotics are combinely called synbiotics.Metchnikoff was the first one who observes that it is accomplishable to modify the gut flora. He observed that proteolytic bacteria desire clostridia, bring out toxic su bstances that ca engage aging but lactic acid bacteria tail assembly inhibit the growth of proteolytic bacteria. Henery Tissure isolate theBifidiobacterium bifidium from brest cater infants and he recommend these for diarrhial infected children. These protect by displacing proteolytic bacteria. Kollath use the term Probiotics for the microbially derived factors that stimulate growth.Probiotics are the beneficial microorganisms that are beneficial to the kind being through certain aspects. Lactic Acid bacteria table service in managing lactose intolerance. These bacteria convert lactose into digestible lactic acid. Some of the other benefits of Probiotics are as follow* sinister the cholesterin level by break down the bile in the gut.* Lowering the blood pressure by the production of ACE-Inhibitor like peptides.* Protect from Infections by competitive inhibition and improving immune system of the host.* Lactobacillus bulgaricus shows anti carcinogenic activity by decreasing the activity of -glucuronidase.* Block the adhesion grade for the pathogens.* Probiotics provide the antagonistic enviornment for the pathogens.A good probiotic should impart the following properties.Invitro devotion to the epithelial cells and anti-microbial activity. Should have resistant to bile, HCl and pancreatic juice. Immune modulation and fundament colonization. Probiotics are available in the form of dairy products, food, tablets and sachets in the market, with pescribed composing of probiotic microorganisms.Probiotics Biotechnology helps to overcome the different problems faced during their formulation into usable form. Like, stress during formulation, adjustment in new environment and to compete with existing bacteria in the body. The field of bioengineering that deals with the pathogens modifications is called Patho-Biotechnology. First goal of the ergonomics is to alter external stress tolerance, like tempreture and water. Naturally microorganism do this by accumalat ing compatible solute e.g betaine and trehalose. These solutes stabilized the proteins and reduce water loss. The main goal of the biotecnology is to earn compatible solute accumalating variants, Listeria monocytogens has three natural uptake systems. BetL system has been selected which is encoded by one divisor, it is betaine transporter. This gene is cloned into Lactobacillus salivarius and Positive strains shows resistant towards salts and more betaine uptake. The second goal of the biotechnology is to improve the colonization in the Gastrointestinal tract. This is acieved by cloning BetL gene into B. breve and Trehalose gene from E.coli into L.lactis. The colned strains shows tolerence to gastric juice, bile and intestinal colonization. Third goal of probiotics biotechnology is to produce the strains with increased pathogen competence. It has been observed that pathogens used oligosaccharides express on host cell as a receptors to adhere themselves. Through biotechnology cli mb receptor-mimic structure express strains are produce. The pathogens bind with these structures and make them harmless for host as well as probiotic strains. E.coli tha express chimeric lipopolysaccharide which is shiga toxin (Stx) receptor, only 1mg can neutralized 100ug Stx.Inaddition to the modification of existing system, artifically engineer improved systems are likewise used. This technique is called Direct Evolution Approach. In this approach mutant E.coli strain XL1-Red, which lack DNA repairing system. It has mutation rate 5000 times higher than the standard strain, mutation whitethorn results into improved quality strains which are selected. Like hyperproline producing E.coli is osmotolerant, produce by the mutation in the first enzyme which results into the loss of feed tolerate inhibition and proline overproduction.Normally probiotics has no side effects but may cause infection in immunosuppressive people. If probiotics are chemically bemire may be harmfull. So, pr obiotics are real gift from God and we have to care for them.